Introduction to Observer Pattern
Observer mode is a mode with a very high usage rate. It is most commonly used in GUI systems and subscription-publishing systems. Because an important function of this mode is decoupling, decoupling the observer and the observed, making them less dependent, or even independent.
Definition of observer mode: Define a one-to-many dependency relationship between objects, so that whenever an object changes state, all objects that depend on it will be notified and automatically updated.
The UML class diagram of the observer mode, as shown in the figure
Character introduction:
(1) Subject (observed) The object to be observed. When the state that needs to be observed changes, all observer objects in the queue need to be notified. Subject needs to maintain (add, delete, notify) a queue list of observer objects. the
(2) ConcreteSubject The specific implementation of the observer. Contains some basic attribute states and other operations. the
(3) Observer (observer) interface or abstract class. When the state of the Subject changes, the Observer object will be notified through a callback function. the
(4) The specific implementation of the ConcreteObserver observer. After being notified, some specific business logic processing will be completed.
JDK provides support for the observer design pattern:
- Play the role of Subject through the java.util.Observable class, and a class can play the role of ConcreteSubject only by inheriting the java.util.Observable class;
- Through the java.util.Observer interface to play the role of Observer, a class can play the role of ConcreteObserver only by implementing the java.util.Observer interface.
- The implementation class of java.util.Observable can simply notify the Observer by calling the setChanged() method and the notifyObservers(Object) method.
A simple implementation of the observer pattern
Those who play LOL games know that Tencent servers will regularly update the game version, such as adding new heroes. will notify all Player s who have installed the LOL client, the code implementation is as follows:
First write a player Player class as an observer:
Then the LOLServer class, as the observer:
The specific observer publishes the updated content to each observer Test class:
The printed results are as follows:
Observer pattern in Android source code
ListView is one of the most important controls in Android, and one of the most important functions of ListView is Adapter. Usually, after we add data to the ListView, the notifyDataSetChanged of the Adapter will be called. This method is defined in the BaseAdapter. The specific code is as follows:
Here BaseAdapter is an observer pattern, so how does BaseAdapter work? Who is the observer? Who is the observed? How does the observed person publish new content? First, let's take a look at the mDataSetObservable.notifyChanged() function:
This code is very simple. It traverses all observers in a for loop and calls their onChanged method to notify the observer that a change has occurred.
So where do these watchers come from? In fact, these observers are generated by ListView setting the Adapter through the setAdapter method. The relevant code is as follows:
In the code, we can see that when setting the adapter, an AdapterDataSetObserver will be built, which is the observer mentioned above, and finally the observer of AdapterDataSetObserver will be registered in the Adapter, so that our observer and the observed person already have So, what is AdapterDataSetObserver actually? How does it work?
Let's take a look at AdapterDataSetObserver, which is defined in the parent class AbsListView of ListView. The specific code is as follows:
It inherits from the AdapterDataSetObserver of AdapterView, the parent class of AbsListView. The specific code is as follows:
So far we know that when the data of the ListView changes, the notifyDataSetChanged function of the Adapter is called, which in turn calls the notifyChanged function of the DataSetObservable, which in turn calls the onChanged method of all observers (AdapterDataSetObserver), in the onChanged function It will call the requestLayout function of ListView to re-layout to make ListView re-refresh the interface. This is an observer mode.
Summarize:
The main function of the observer mode is to decouple objects, completely isolate the observer from the observed, and only rely on the abstraction of Observer and Observable.
Reprinted from: http://blog.csdn.net/happy_horse/article/details/51541125