The previous article recorded the content related to front-end authentication. This note mainly records the content related to the request header, including a request message analysis of http, fastapi setting cookie and parameters, fastapi setting request header parameters, etc.
HTTP Request
The HTTP request message is divided into three parts: request line, request header and request body:
request line
The request line has three parts: request method, request address, and protocol version. Generally, a request is sent through the request line
request header
The request header is generally a number of attributes, all of which are key-value pairs. The server obtains the basic information of the client through the request header.
request body
Everyone is familiar with the request body, which is the data sent by the client to the server.
Cookie parameter
Like the previous setting of path parameters and query parameters, you can use the methods in fastapi to define cookie parameters.
But before defining cookie parameters, cookie parameters are required to test. We know from the previous chapter that cookies are responded to by the server to the front end, so we need to send a cookie to the front end first.
@app05.get("/stu05/setcookie")
def get_setcookie(response:Response):
response.set_cookie("cookie1","cookie111111111111")
response.set_cookie("cookie2","cookie222222222222")
response.set_cookie("cookie3", "cookie333333333333")
return {"result":"set up cookie success"}Here, the response method of fastapi is used to send a set_cookie to the front-end. After the front-end receives the response, there is a cookie. The specific operation and detailed application will be described in detail in a chapter later. Now it is mainly to test the received cookie parameters.
Then we visit a link at random, and let's create hello world by default! You will find that the cookie already exists.
Define cookie parameters
@app05.get("/stu05/getcookie")
def stu05_read_cookie(
cookie1:Optional[str] = Cookie(None),
cookie2:Optional[str] = Cookie(None)
):
return {"cookie1":cookie1,"cookie2":cookie2} # Defining Cookie parameters requires the use of the Cookie class, otherwise it is a query parameterWith the cookie, you can receive the cookie parameter through the fastapi method, declare a cookie parameter with the cookie, and then return the received cookie parameter! Since there is already a cookie, you can find that the request has been completed by testing directly in the api document!
Header parameter
Before that, let's briefly understand the difference between header and headers: The header corresponds to the body, which is the header part of the request or response, and is a plurality of text lines separated by CRLF. There are two consecutive CRLF s after the header, and the part after that is the body. Usually GET has no body. headers refers to multiple lines of text in the header paragraph. headers is the content in the header.
@app05.get("/stu05/getheader")
def stu05_read_header(
user_agent:Optional[str] = Header(None)
):
return {"User-agent":user_agent}Like other parameters, you can declare a Header parameter with the Header class of fastapi. The above user_agent is a Header parameter. It will also be parsed as a query parameter without the Header class declaration.
automatic conversion
Most standard headers are separated by a "hyphen" or minus sign '-', such as user-agent, but such variables are invalid in Python. So you can’t use exactly the same writing method when defining parameters in python. In this case, FastAPI’s Header will convert the characters of the parameter name from underscore (_) to hyphen (-) by default to extract and record headers;
At the same time, HTTP headers are case-insensitive, so they can be declared using standard Python style, that is, user_agent can be used as usual in Python code, without the need to capitalize the first letter as User_Agent or similar;
Of course, FastAPI also provides the function of disabling underscore conversion, that is, setting convert_underscores=False under the corresponding parameter, as follows, but some HTTP proxies and servers do not allow the use of headers with underscores, so it may result in failure to receive information , so the default is True;
copyuser_agent:Optional[str] = Header(None,convert_underscores=False)
Duplicate headers
In practice, it is entirely possible to receive duplicate headers. That is, a parameter under the same header has multiple values.
For this case, use a list directly in the type declaration to define these cases.
@app05.get("/stu05/getheaders")
def stu05_read_headers(
paramlist:Optional[List[str]] = Header(None)
):
return {"paramlist":paramlist}The above code declares a Header parameter of List type, and then Postman can display the meaning of repeated Headers more directly, as follows:
source code
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time: 2022/11/28 18:27
# @Author: MinChess
# @File: stu05.py
# @Software: PyCharm
from fastapi import APIRouter,Response,Cookie,Header
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import Optional,List
app05 = APIRouter()
@app05.get("/stu05/setcookie")
def get_setcookie(response:Response):
response.set_cookie("cookie1","cookie111111111111")
response.set_cookie("cookie2","cookie222222222222")
response.set_cookie("cookie3", "cookie333333333333")
return {"result":"set up cookie success"}
@app05.get("/stu05/getcookie")
def stu05_read_cookie(
cookie1:Optional[str] = Cookie(None),
cookie2:Optional[str] = Cookie(None)
):
'''
:param cookie1:
:param cookie2:
:return:
'''
return {"cookie1":cookie1,"cookie2":cookie2} # Defining Cookie parameters requires the use of the Cookie class, otherwise it is a query parameter
@app05.get("/stu05/getheader")
def stu05_read_header(
user_agent:Optional[str] = Header(None)
):
return {"User-agent":user_agent}
@app05.get("/stu05/getheaders")
def stu05_read_headers(
paramlist:Optional[List[str]] = Header(None)
):
return {"paramlist":paramlist}